Stevenson and Byerly, The Many Faces of Science, chapters 1-3, pp. 1-48; Ede and Cormack, A History of Science in Society, vol. 2, chap. 5, pp. 132-167. This what it’s based off of.
Think about these questions
MANY FACES OF SCIENCE: CHAPTER 1
What is science? How does it differ from technology? Has your idea about science changed after reading the textbook?
What is a “control group”? Why is this important?
Discuss the rise of modern science. How did the invention of the printing press and the rise of capitalism influence the rise of science? How did the discovery of the New World influence the rise of modern science? Why was this so, do you think? (Expand on the discussion in the textbook, if you can. Think about what the explorers might have found in the New World that could have stimulated changes in their thinking about science.)
Why was the Protestant Reformation important in the rise of modern science?
What was the role of technology in the rise of modern science? (Note several different aspects).
When was the word “scientist” first used? What did that signify?
What does the professionalization of science mean? What were some of the consequences of the professionalization of science?
MANY FACES OF SCIENCE: CHAPTER 2
What is the Baconian vision of science?
Was Bacon an optimist or pessimist? Why was his view different from most others at the time? Why would this view be important for the development of science?
What is the “Frankenstein” image of science? The book gives some examples of negative aspects of science and technology. Can you give some other examples? The textbook cites J. Rifkin as advocating the complete ban on certain technologies. What do you think about this? Can technologies be both useful and yet harmful or potentially dangerous?
Why might we consider science as “masculine”? What would “feminine science” be like? Can you find examples or references to support your views?
Why did Goethe try to refute Newton’s work on the colors of the spectrum? Note that Goethe was representative of a larger intellectual trend (Romanticism) that made a very strong impact for many years and resurfaced many times up to the present.
What are some Utopias and Anti-Utopias relating to science?
What is the idea of the “Two Cultures”? Was C. P. Snow an optimist or pessimist?
Is science value neutral? What does that mean? [Note that we will examine this and related ideas in more detail later in this course, so keep thinking about how scientists create knowledge.]
MANY FACES OF SCIENCE: CHAPTER 3
How does the textbook limit those who can be considered as scientists? Why do you think the authors make these distinctions?
This chapter outlines some of the reasons people decide to become scientists. What are these reasons and motivations? The next chapters consider these reasons in greater detail using some short biographies as illustrations.
A HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN SOCIETY: CHAPTER 5
[Epistemology = a philosophical term relating to the theory of knowledge, how we know what we know.]
Do the authors believe that there was such a thing as the Scientific Revolution?
What were the new scientific methods developed by Bacon and Descartes? How did they differ?
Why was mathematics newly important at this time?
Why was Newton’s Principia so important? What was it? What was its most long-lasting achievement? How did Newton’s work differ from Descartes’ vortices?
What was the mechanical philosophy?
What was the essence of the conflict between Boyle and Hobbes about experimentation (Hobbes’ views are only briefly described in the textbook, so you will need to rely mainly on the discussion of Boyle’s views)? What is our view of experimentation today?
What were some of the new instruments developed during the 17th c.?
Why was Newton’s work on optics so influential? What did he do?
What new institutional structures for science were being developed at this time? Why were they important?
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