Multiple Choice Questions Final for World History II

Simply provide a correct answer list for the following 63 questions. Thank you!

Example:
1. B – Erwin Rommel
2. C – Simon Bolivar
etc.

——–

1. German Field Marshal ______ had major victories in North Africa and earned the nickname ‘The Desert Fox’. The Allies finally defeated him at El Alamein in 1942.
A. Dwight D Eisenhower B. Erwin Rommel C. Alfred von Schlieffen D. Otto von Bismarck

2. In 1816 ____ returned from exile and captured Bogotá, capital of New Grenada. He used it as a base to liberate Venezuela from Spain and sought to create a great republic called Gran Colombia. His hopes were dashed as the various regions of Gran Colombia broke away and formed separate nations.
A. Jose de San Martin B. Toussaint L’Ouverture C. Simon Bolivar D. Bernardo O’Higgins

3. Commodore Perry’s expedition to Tokugawa Shogunate 1853-1854 forcibly ‘opened Japan’ and soon other Western powers forced the Shogun to make treaties. The unequal treaties demonstrated the military weakness of the Tokugawa Shogunate and several daimyo rebelled. They pushed for the recognition of the Emperor as head of state. In 1866 the Tokugawa Shogun Iemochi was unable to crush the rebellious Satsuma and Choshu daimyos and died that same year. The emperor died in 1867 and fifteen year-old Mutsuhito became the new emperor. Mutsuhito backed the Satsuma and Choshu reformers and ousted the Tokugawas from power. He took reign name meaning “Enlightened Rule” and ushered in the _____________. This was a period of rapid modernization.
A. Tokugawa Shogunate B. Satsuma Revolt C. Mutant Ninja Turtle D. Meiji Restoration

4. British East India Company used native Indian soldiers, or sepoys, in their colonial armies. The Bengal colonial army cleaned their gun cartridges with packets of manufactured grease. The grease made from animal fat, including pig and cow fat. The soldiers used their teeth to bite open the grease packages. Muslims cannot eat pork and cows are sacred to Hindus, so when some learned where the Greece came from they were upset. Rumors spread and on May 10, 1857, sepoys in the Bengal Army at Meerut in northern India mutinied and began the ______________ (Sepoy Rebellion). The mutineers captured Delhi and proclaimed the aged Mogul emperor as their leader. They then seized Lucknow, Kanpur and controlled the heart of the Ganges. The rebellion spread to the Punjab and Deccan. British were alarmed by the massacres at Cawnpore and sought revenge. Internal conflicts among the mutineers prevented complete ouster of the British from India. The British, aided by Sikhs and Gurkhas of Nepal took Delhi in September 1857 and the rebellion was largely quelled by June 1858. Reforms were instituted and the British East India Company was stripped of all political power. India became a crown colony, but bitterness remained and fueled the growth of Indian nationalism.
A. Vijayanagar Wars B. Maratha-Mogul War C. Indian Rebellion D. Rohilla War

5. After Emperor Xian Feng died in 1861 and her five year old son Tong Zhi became emperor. A regency was set up and dominated by ______________, Tong Zhi’s mother. She ruled China in the name of her son until his death at age nineteen. She had no grandsons, so she arranged for her four-year old nephew Guang Xu to be crowned emperor in 1875. She continued to rule China as regent for Guang Xu. She allowed reformer Li Hongzhang to modernize the navy, but abruptly took away funds for the “Beiyang Fleet” to build her new Summer Palace. When Emperor Guang Xu came of age he launched a more comprehensive reform effort called the Hundred Days’ Reform (1898), but his overthrew him in a military coup. She supported the Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901), but belatedly realized China was far behind the West when she was ignominiously chased out of Beijing by the Western powers.
A. Empress Fang B. Empress Wu C. Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908) D. Chaka Khan

6. It was Dingiswayo of the Mthethwa who helped _____________ overthrow his brother and become king of the Zulu. In 1818, Dingiswayo was executed at the hands of Zwide, king of the Ndwandwe. This will begin a violent period called Mfecane (isiZulu for the Crushing). The king of the Zulu sought revenge against the Ndwandwe and in the process of conquest created a Zulu empire. When a band of British adventurers landed in his realm in 1824 he was interested in their muskets. He brought them into his alliance and incorporated their weapons in wars against his rivals.
A. Mzilikazi B. Nkongolo C. Paul Du Chaillu D. Shaka Zulu

7. In June 1947, US Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed the ________, a broad program of American economic assistance to help all of Europe. The US Congress was reluctant to spend billions of dollars to rebuild war-torn Europe until the Soviets overthrew the Czechoslovakian government and installing a pro-Soviet dictatorship.
A. Domino Theory B. Breton Woods Accords C. Marshall Plan D. Truman Doctrine

8. The _____ began in June 1950 when the pro-Soviet North Korean government under Kim-il-Sung invaded South Korea. Syngman Rhee appealed to the West for help. The United Nations voted to authorize military aid and fifteen nations sent troops to South Korea. The North Koreans were pushed out of South Korea, but this alarmed the People’s Republic of China who entered the war and pushed the UN forces south back to the 38th Parallel. The war continued until an armistice was signed July 1953 and the Korean Peninsula remains divided.
A. Korean War B. Vietnam War C. Bay of Pigs Invasion D. Yom Kippur War

9. _______ founded the British Women’s Social and Political Union in 1903. In 1910 her organization adopted violent tactics of arson, breaking windows, sabotage of postal boxes for the cause of a woman’s right to vote. The Prime Minister had her imprisoned, but she and her Suffragettes went on hunger strikes.
A. Marie Curie B. Eleanor Roosevelt C. Emmeline Pankhurst D. Rosie the Riveter

10. During the _____ Germans took control this large industrial city named after the Soviet leader, but they were cut off from their supply lines and Soviet forces were advancing around the city. Hitler forbade the retreat of the German Sixth Field Army. The Germans were defeated in February 1943 and tide began to turn against the Hitler on the Eastern Front.
A. Battle of Putingrad B. Battle of the Bulge C. Battle of Stalingrad D. Battle of Gorbachev

11. The ________ was a period when European powers rushed to acquire empires in sub-Saharan Africa. The French and British expanded their existing territories. The newly independent nations of Italy, Belgium, and Germany felt like latecomers to the overseas imperialism, so they rushed to get colonies. There was a fear these overlapping desires for African colonies would lead to a European war, so they held the Conference in Berlin 1884-1885 to negotiate the borders of their empires. None of the men at the conference were Africans, visited Africa, or were knowledgeable about the people or geography of Africa. Only the Republic of Liberia and Ethiopia (Abyssinia) remained free from colonial rule.
A. Wonga Coup B. MaNthatisi C. Scramble for Africa D. Africa’s World War

12. The _____ assembled in September 1814 to make sure France would never again be a threat to the security of Europe. They agreed the Bourbon monarchy should be restored in France and Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia would form the Quadruple Alliance to maintain peace.
A. Congress of Waterloo B. Palace of Versailles C. USAID D. Congress of Vienna

13. Winston Churchill, British First Lord of the Admiralty, pushed for a _______ to open the strategic straits that close the Black Sea. A joint Anglo-French fleet was sent which included many troops recruited from Australia and New Zealand, collectively known as ANZAC. The Battle of Gallipoli, however, was a failure because of poor planning and a determined Ottoman Turkish defense armed with German artillery.
A. Battle of Britain B. Battle of the Bulge C. Pi War D. Dardanelles Campaign

14. The _____ began on March 8, 1917 (February 23 on the Julian calendar) with spontaneous strikes and riots of factory workers and frustrated starving citizens. Tsar Nicholas II tried to crush them, but his soldiers refused to shoot and by March 15, the Tsar abdicated. The new Provisional Government, however, took the unpopular stance that Russia should remain in First World War I. Then on November 6, 1917, the Bolsheviks in Petrograd took over the government buildings, utilities, and surrounded the Winter Palace forcing the government ministers to surrender. Vladimir Lenin was able to set up his Communist government and withdrew the Soviet Union from World War I.
A. July Revolution B. Russian Revolution C. Battle of Stalingrad D. Moscow Plan

15. The ____ began when American spy planes and satellites detected the launch pads and Soviet nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba. President John F. Kennedy demanded that the Soviets dismantle the launch pads and remove the missiles. When Nikita Khrushchev ignored the young president, Kennedy established a naval blockade around the island of Cuba on October 22, 1962.
A. Domino Theory B. Cuban Missile Crisis C. Bay of Pigs Invasion D. Cinco de Mayo

16. The ________ postulated that if one nation in Southeast Asia fell to Communism than they all would fall to Communism. It was used to justify American military intervention in Vietnam. Ironically when the United States forces left Southeast Asia, the Communism nations fought each other. Soviet-backed Communist Vietnam invaded Communist Cambodia and Laos. Communist China invaded Communist Vietnam in 1979. Vietnam spent many years fighting a guerrilla insurrection against the pro-Chinese Communist Khmer Rouge.
A. Breton Woods Accords B. Theory of Relativity C. Domino Theory D. Evolution Theory

17. In 1882, Italy signed a defensive treaty with Germany and Austria-Hungary creating the______. When World War I began in 1914, the Italians left the alliance because France was not the aggressors. The Ottoman Empire eventually allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
A. Triple Alliance B. Triple Entente C. Hitler-Stalin Pact D. Axis Powers

18. To keep East Germans from defecting to the West, the Communists built the ________ in August 1961. Many East Germans lost their lives trying to cross over it. A change in Soviet policy came with the arrival of Mikhail Gorbachev who stated that the Soviet Union would not interfere militarily in Eastern Europe. Germans started breaking it on November 9, 1989.
A. Hadrian’s Wall B. Berlin Wall C. Great Wall D. 38th Parallel

19. The Soviet Union backed Babrak Karmal’s pro-Soviet coup in Afghanistan. When Afghans rebelled against Karmal, the _______ began in December 1979. The United States covertly sent the Afghan rebels sophisticated weapons that enabled them to shoot down Soviet helicopters.
A. Afghan-Maratha War B. Yom Kippur War C. Hatti-i Humayun D. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

20. After the United States entered the war, the _______ was established to build an atomic bomb before the Nazis. The secret effort was headed by Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves who choose Julius Robert Oppenheimer to direct the laboratory at Alamogordo, New Mexico. Oppenheimer’s team produced the first atomic bomb and tested it on July 16, 1945.
A. Marshall Plan B. Manhattan Project C. Brooklyn Project D. Breton Woods Accords

21. In an effort to force Japan to surrender without an invasion of the main islands, President Harry S Truman authorized the atomic bombings of ______. Thousands of people were instantly killed and many more were injured by the bombs. Years later, many would succumb to radiation poisoning. Emperor Hirohito realized that the war was over and agreed to surrender to the United States unconditionally.
A. Hokkaido & Nagoya B. Seppuku & Naifu C. Hashimoto & Nakajima D. Hiroshima & Nagasaki

22. The _____was massive genocidal slaughter of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II. About 12 million people, roughly half of them were Jewish, died in Hitler’s concentration camps, labor camps, and mass shootings. Along with the Jews, the Romani and Sinti (collectively known as Gypsies) were labeled Fremdrasse (alien race) and designated for annihilation. The disabled, homosexuals, Socialists, Communists, and opponents of the Nazis were also rounded up and sent to the concentration camps.
A. Holocaust B. Nuremburg Trials C. Blitzkrieg D. Hatti-i Humayun

23. Article 231 of the _____ became known as the war guilt clause. Germany accepted full responsibility for causing the war and had to pay $33 billion gold marks as reparations. German resentment of this treaty was exploited by the Nazis in their rise to power.
A. Triple Entente B. Breton Woods Accords C. Marshall Plan D. Treaty of Versailles

24. In 1935 British economist _______ put forward his revolutionary view that high levels of unemployment should be alleviated by increased government spending in his book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. His theories dominated the post-World War II Western economies and influenced the Breton Woods Accords. He was also director of the Bank of England and governor International Monetary Fund (IMF).
A. Gordon Brown B. John Maynard Keynes C. Adam Smith D. Milton Friedman

25. _____ served as a delegate to the infant United Nations after her husband’s death. As the chair of the UN’s Human Rights Commission, she fought for two years to convince member nations to agree on a sweeping human rights policy. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on December 10, 1948.
A. Eleanor Roosevelt B. Anne Roosevelt C. Emmeline Pankhurst D. Erwin Rommel

26. The _______ provided a blue-print for the post-war economy. Eventually 56 countries would participate in the successive multilateral conferences. Three institutions envisaged for maintaining international economic cooperation were the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), and the failed International Trade Organization (ITO).
A. GATT B. World Trade Organization (WTO) C. Breton Woods Accords D. Truman Doctrine

27. The United States entered World War II after the Japanese ________________ on December 7, 1941.
A. Attack on Pearl Harbor B. Invasion of Fuji C. Battle of Yokohama D. Hawaii 5-O

28. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong of ______ became the first human to set foot on the moon at the Sea of Tranquility. A few minutes later Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin followed Armstrong out of the lunar module. A total of six missions landed on the moon before the government cut funding in the early 1970s.
A. Apollo 11 B. Gemini 4 C. Vostok 1 D. Mercury 6

29. During the Crimean War, the British public learned of the deplorable hospital conditions for wounded English soldiers and British Secretary of War agreed to send a group of nurses headed by ____________ to help the situation. By November 4, 1854, she arrived at the hospital ward at Scutari in the Ottoman Empire with thirty-eight nurses. They busied themselves by making bandages, pallets, shirts, pillows and slings. They improved the sanitary conditions and as a result the recovery of British soldiers drastically improved. After the war, she returned to England and opened a school of nursing at London’s St. Thomas’ Hospital.
A. Rosie the Riveter B. Florence Nightingale C. Molly Pitcher D. Clara Barton

30. _____ was a former slave and descendant of an Arada king. In 1791, he led a slave rebellion on Saint Domingue (Haiti) and became the de-facto leader of the French colony. Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to reestablish direct control over the colony and had him imprisoned, but this did not end the struggle. The Haitians continued to resist the French until Napoleon was forced to recognize their independence in 1804.
A. Kwame Nkrumah B. Toussaint L’Ouverture C. Baby Doc Duvalier D. Jean-Bertrand Aristide

31. In September 1960, the nations of Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq met in Baghdad to discuss the low price of oil. The conference led to the formation of a cartel known as ____. Following the Yom Kippur War Saudi Arabia placed an embargo on the shipment of oil to the West and the cartel began a round of increases in the price of petroleum that helped spur an inflationary spiral in the industrialized world.
A. EEC B. OAS C. EXXON D. OPEC

32. As Napoleon’s army invaded Portugal, Prince Regent João and his royal entourage escaped across the Atlantic Ocean in 1807. He later returned to Portugal as King João VI, but his son Don Pedro stayed and pushed for _____ in 1822.
A. USA Independence B. Mexican Independence C. Brazilian Independence D. Chilean Independence

33. _____ was an ambitious Corsican-born soldier who proved himself a military genius. He climbed his way through the ranks and eventually overthrew government during the Coup d’etat of Brumaire (November 9, 1799). At first he took the title First Consul with term limits, but as time went on he became First Consul “for Life”, and then finally Emperor in 1804. He secured his greatest victory at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805).
A. Jean-Paul Marat B. Pascal Paoli C. Napoleon Bonaparte D. Maximilian Robespierre

34. In 1817, Jose de San Martin led his Rio de la Plata forces over the Andes Mountains to surprise the royalist forces and support Bernardo O’Higgins and Jose Miguel Carrera in their struggle for _______.
A. USA Independence B. Mexican Independence C. Brazilian Independence D. Chilean Independence

35. The economic integration of Western Europe began in 1950 with the European Coal and Steel Community. France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg were founding members. By 1957, the six members formed European Economic Community (EEC). By 1993, the Maastricht Treaty transformed the EEC into the _______.
A. NATO B. NAFTA C. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) D. European Union (EU)

36. The Tanzimat Era (1839-1876) was a period when Western-educated Turkish reformers sought to modernize the Ottoman Empire. The reformers were in a constant political struggle with the traditionalist Ulama. The aftermath of the Crimean War enabled the decree ____ in 1856. This reformist decree expanded freedoms for non-Muslims within the empire to rise in the military, state employment, and the schools.
A. Hatti-i Humayun B. Dardanelles Campaign C. Marshall Plan D. Triple Entente

37. The _____________ (1853-1856) began when Russian Tsar Nicholas I, self-proclaimed protector of all Orthodox Christians, invaded the Ottoman Empire. The Russians took Moldavia, Wallachia, and destroyed the Ottoman flotilla at Sinop. The French and United Kingdom feared the Russians were about to conquer the Ottoman Empire so they sided with the Ottomans and declared war on Russia.
A. Crimean War B. Danish War C. Franco-Prussian War D. Cinco de Mayo

38. In 1930, ____________ (the Mahatma) targeted the British monopoly on salt and marched 240 miles with 60,000 followers to the sea at Dandi. At the beaches they boiled the sea-water and made salt “illegally” to protest the British. The British authorities imprisoned the Mahatma and his non-violent followers. In 1942, the Cripps mission offered full Indian Independence after the war if he fully joined the war effort. He sympathized with the democracies, but opposed the use of violence and began the ‘Quit India’ Campaign. India. The British Raj ended in August 15, 1947 and India and Pakistan were independent.
A. Mohandas K. Gandhi B. Jawaharlal Nehru C. Indira Gandhi D. Rajiv Gandhi

39. In 1935, Muhammad Ali Jinnah came back to India and led the Muslim League, but completely broke with Indian National Congress. It was Gandhi’s ‘Quit India’ Campaign during World War II that led to the rise of Jinnah’s Muslim League. Gandhi wanted a unified independent India, but did not back the war effort because of his non-violence creed. Jinnah supported the war effort against the Axis powers and negotiated with the British for a separate independent Muslim state. Riots between Hindus and Muslims in 1946 convinced British to back the _________________. The British chose a Viceroy Mountbatten to divide British India into two independent states based on religion which were announced for August 1947. Muslim and Hindu minorities in the two new countries became refugees fled. Rioting was constant and perhaps a million refugees died in the clashes. There was also the issue of Jammu and Kashmir. The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir was a Hindu and was holding out of the talks in the dreams of being an independent nation. He wanted it to be the neutral “Switzerland of Asia”. The majority of people Jammu and Kashmir were Muslim and many felt it should be part of Pakistan.
A. Iran-Iraq War B. Partition of India C. East Bengal War D. Indo-Pakistani Reunification

40. Chiang Kai-Shek’s campaign against the communists of the Jiangxi Soviet forced them on the _________ (1934-1935). Chiang felt his policy was a success because the communist bases in the east and south were gone and the remnants were on the run. Mao Zedong emerged as the leader of the Communists and led them over 6,000 miles and across eleven provinces. They crossed twenty four rivers, hundreds of swamps, and eighteen frigid mountain ranges while being harassed by Chiang’s Kuomintang troops and the private armies of rival warlords. Thousands died of illness and exhaustion, but Mao and the remaining 8,000 made it to Yanan in north Shaanxi in October 1935. They not only survived, but built up their strength as the Red Army.
A. Trail of Tears B. Bataan Death March C. Long March D. Time of Troubles

41. Iranians started protesting against Shah of Iran in 1978 and he fled. The Ayatollah Khomeini returned from exile and took over the Revolution. An Islamic theocratic republic was set up and led by the Ayatollah. In 1979, Shah Pahlavi II went to US for treatment for cancer and Iranians demanded that he should be extradited. Militants then overran the US Embassy and began the ____________. The Carter Administration froze all Iranian assets and the Shah left the United States for Mexico and later Egypt where he died in 1980. The Iranians still held the hostages and the Soviet Union exploited the situation by invading Afghanistan. Carter approved a failed rescue attempt, but that led to the spreading of the 52 hostages across Iran. The Iranians saw themselves as the protectors of the Shia minorities across the Middle East and encouraged the Shia of Iraq to rebel. Saddam Hussein retaliated by invading Iran in 1980. The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) weakened Iran and through Algerian mediation Carter secured the release of the hostages after 444 days.
A. Gulf War Crisis B. Iran-Contra Affair C. Iran Hostage Crisis D. SAVAK Crisis

42. After a Soviet-backed coup in Czechoslovakia succeeded in February 1948, Americans felt the only way to prevent Soviet world conquest was through the ‘Containment Policy’. Military alliances such as the Brussels Pact, the ANZUS Treaty, and the Baghdad Pact would soon become the ____________ respectively. The Soviet Union and their satellite nations countered with the Warsaw Pact and the world was in the Cold War.
A. OPEC, EEC, & NATO B. UN, EU, & NO C. EU, ANZAC, & CCCP D. NATO, SEATO, & CENTO

43. After decades of British domination over Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser took power in 1956 and nationalized Suez Canal. He opposed the formation of the State of Israel and barred the Israelis from using Suez Canal. The British, French, and Israelis decided to topple Nasser and take back the canal. They met secretly in Paris and in October 1956, the Israelis bombed the Suez Canal and later Anglo-French paratroopers landed in Port Said and oversaw the canal. The whole episode backfired in the Cold War context and began the __________. The Soviet Union condemned the capitalist imperialists trying to take the canal from the Egyptian people. American Middle Eastern policy was trying to build an anti-Communist alliance under the Baghdad Pact to contain the Soviet Union, but now the Arabs were siding with the Soviets. The United States condemned the attack, forced the Anglo-French paratroopers to leave, and UN peacekeepers arrived.
A. Ba’ath Party Crisis B. Suez Crisis C. Sharm el-Sheikh Charter D. Panama Canal Crisis

44. British merchants were incensed that they had to pay hard currency for Chinese porcelain (china), silks, and teas and were confined to trade in Canton only during tea season. British merchants soon discovered opium was one commodity that could balance their trade in China. As addition to opium increased, the Qing Emperor Daoguang (Tao Kuang) passed an Imperial edict in 1838 to crack down on the drug problem. March 30, 1839, High Commissioner Lin Zexu seized and destroyed British opium. The British sent their navy in retaliation and began the ______________. The British overwhelmed the Chinese at the Battle of Kowloon 1839. At the Battle of Chuanbi November 3, 1839, two British ships defeated a twenty-six ship Chinese fleet. Spring 1842 the British sailed up the Yangzi River and Shanghai & Zengjiang were taken. They reached Nanking (Nanjing) August 1842 and the Chinese sued for peace. The Chinese were forced to sign the humiliating Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842. The treaty forced the Chinese to pay a $20 million indemnity to the British, cede Hong Kong to the British, and forced open more port cities for trade with British.
A. First Opium War B. Second Opium War C. Third Opium War D. Fourth Opium War

45. Hong Xiuquan failed the Chinese civil service exam four times and fell into a depression. Protestant Christian missionaries in China had always been dismissed by Hong until after his last failed attempt at the exams. During his depression in 1843, Hong Xiuquan said he had mystical experience with God where he saw God the Father and Jesus Christ. He deduced from the dream that he was Jesus Christ’s little brother and was sent on a mission to destroy the demons that ruled China. As Jesus Christ’s little brother he was the new Messiah and created a religious movement. He preached that evil demons controlled the Qing Dynasty and his zealous were the God-Worshipers. The Manchu Qing Dynasty sent imperial troops to crush Hong’s movement in 1850, but Hong resisted and the _____________ began. In 1851 Hong formed Taiping Tianguo (Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Peace) and said he was the Heavenly King. He used the term ‘wang’ (king) instead of Emperor because he said only God was Emperor and he was God’s son. This was one of the bloodiest war in Chinese history with an estimated 20-30 million deaths.
A. Little Brother Demon War B. Boxer Rebellion C Taiping Rebellion D. Spring & Autumn Period

46. Only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and the Republic of ________ remained independent of the European imperialism during the Scramble for Africa. The later was founded as a refuge for African-American slaves who declared an independent republic on July 26, 1847. Their 1847 Constitution was modeled after American Constitution; their capital, Monrovia, was named after US President James Monroe; and their flag was based on the American Stars & Stripes flag.
A. Ghana B. South Africa C. Zimbabwe D. Liberia

47. Chinese peasants in the Yellow River Valley (Huang Ho (Huanghe)) suffered a famine, the Yellow River kept flooding, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty seemed to be doing nothing to help them. The government was too focused on fighting the Taiping Rebellion and feared another Opium War. Yellow River Valley peasants started banding together for mutual help and Chang Lo-hsing (Zhang Luoxian) united them into a large army with fortified villages. This became the ___________1853-1868 where the rebels controlled the north China plain. What helped the Qing was the two rebellions were unsuccessful at coordinating their efforts. Then Chang Lo-hsing (Zhang Luoxian) was killed in 1863 and his successors were unable to centralize their holdings. After Taiping Rebellion was crushed, the Manchu Qing army turned their attention to the Yellow River Valley and north China plain. Qing army simply surrounded all of the heavily armed rebel fortresses and starved them out.
A. Nine War B. Luoxian Opium War C. Arrow War D. Nien (Nian) Rebellion

48. The French wanted trade concessions from China and were incensed that Catholic missionary, Father Abbe Auguste Chapdelaine, was mistakenly charged with supporting the Taiping Rebellion and beheaded in February 1856. The British also wanted more trade concessions from China and their opportunity came when the junk-ship Arrow, owned by Chinese smugglers, was seized for illegal smuggling opium. The problem for Chinese officials was the junk-ship Arrow was registered in Hong Kong and flew British flag. The British and French used these incidents to fight in the _______________ (also known as Arrow War). A joint Anglo-French force attacked and occupied Canton in 1857 and after several lopsided battles forced the Chinese to the Treaties of Tientsin (1859). When the Chinese resisted these treaty obligations, the emperor’s Summer Palace was burned, and the defeated Chinese were forced to sign four more unequal treaties. Western diplomats were allowed to live in Beijing, more ports were opened to trade, Western powers were granted spheres of influence, and opium was legalized.
A. First Opium War B. Second Opium War C. Third Opium War D. Fourth Opium War

49. The traditional lands of Ainu Mosir ‘Land of the Ainu’ included Hokkaido, Kuril (Kurile) Islands, and Sakhalin. The Japanese encroached on the Ainu lands from the south and the Russians encroached on the Ainu lands from the north. It wasn’t until 1855 that the Russians forced the Japanese to sign the Treaty of Shimoda to formalize their land claims in Ainu Mosir. Northern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were recognized as part of Russian Siberia and southern Sakhalin (Karafuto), Hokkaido, the islands off the coast (Southern Kuril Islands) were Japanese. Two decades later he Russians realized they made a mistake. Sakhalin had more natural resources than Kurile Islands. The Russians pushed for the ___________ in 1875 where the Russians traded all of their Kuril Islands for all of Japan’s southern Sakhalin. Russians discover coal and later oil on Sakhalin and it became Russia’s “pearl of eastern possessions”. No Ainu were at negotiation table and many suffered forced migrations from the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin.
A. Treaty of St. Petersburg B. Treaty of the Ainu C. Karafuto no Hito D. Warm Water Treaty

50. In November 1917, British Foreign Secretary A.J. Balfour made the _________ which said the British were in favor of the establishment of a National Home for the Jewish people in Palestine. Around the same time British High Commissioner in Egypt Sir Henry McMahon told Sharif of Mecca ibn Ali Husayn that if he rebelled against the Ottoman Empire, the British would accept an independent Arab nation. Meanwhile as the British were promising home lands and self-rule to the Jews and Arabs they were also negotiating secretly with the French. The Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 divided the Middle East between the French and British. The Russians signed on to the Sykes-Picot Agreement when they were offered eastern Turkey. After the Bolsheviks took over Russia, they made public all of the double-dealing.
A. Sykes-Picot Agreement B. Balfour Declaration C. Treaty of Shimoda D. Mount Zion

51. Many governments in Europe opposed the ideas of nationalism, but the _____ united conservatives, liberals, and nationalists throughout Europe. The war was fought against the Ottomans from 1821 to 1832 and the Romantic writer Lord Byron actually died in the war. With backing from the Russians Austrians, English, and French, they gained their independence from the Ottoman Empire, but had to accept Otto I of Bavaria as their monarch.
A. Frex Revolution B. Brazilian War C. Chilean Independence War D. Greek War of Independence

52. The ____ began when several disgruntled army officers were upset because King Ferdinand VII had dissolved Parliament and reneged on his promised to become a constitutional monarch. The officers were armed and equipped to crush the independence movements in Latin America, but rebelled against the king.
A. Rex Revolution B. July Revolution of 1830 C. Spanish Revolution of 1820 D. Coup of 1789

53. After the National Assembly closed the national workshops, the working class poor of Paris began rioting in what was called the June Days. The rebellion was crushed, but the people of France sought stability and elected ______ as president of France. He was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte and they felt he would have the ability to keep order and maintain the democracy. He later seized the government and declared himself Emperor Napoleon III.
A. Sam Bonaparte B. Joseph Bonaparte C. Jean-Paul Napoleon D. Louis Napoleon

54. On March 12, 1947, President Harry S. Truman requested Congress to pass a $400 million military and economic aid package to assist Greece and Turkey in their struggle against the Soviet Union. His speech became known as the ________ and created a new policy to support all peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed Communists or outside pressure from the Soviet Union.
A. Monroe Doctrine B. Marshall Plan C. Breton Woods Plan D. Truman Doctrine

55. In September 1862, King Wilhelm of Prussia named _____ as the Minister-President to break the deadlock in the Reichstag over funding the Prussian military. He not only got the funding, but was able to create a united Germany under the King of Prussia with three quick wars.
A. Erwin Rommel B. Alfred von Schlieffen C. Helmut von Molke D. Otto von Bismarck

56. In December 1894, the French army court-marshaled _____, a Jewish officer, of conveying secret information to the Germans. He was sent to the penal colony of Devil’s Island, French Guiana. The problem was he was innocent man. When the real spy was discovered, the openly anti-Semitic elite in the French military refused to admit their mistake. In 1898, the novelist Émile Zola, published a newspaper article entitles J’Accuse (“I Accuse”) charging the army with forging documents to convict an innocent man.
A. Alfred Dreyfus B. Theodor Herzl C. Ba’al Shem Tov D. Jean-Paul BenLevi

57. The inconceivable happened in 1894 when the Franco-Russian Alliance was forged. In 1904, Anglo-French negotiations led to an alliance called the Entente Cordiale. With the encouragement of France, the British and Russians resolved their differences in 1907. This completed the process of establishing the _________.
A. Triple Alliance B. Triple Entente C. Hitler-Stalin Pact D. Axis Powers

58. _____ was a rapidly promoted World War II General who became the Chief of Allied Forces in North Africa and Supreme Commander of the Allied invasion of Europe. On June 6, 1944, he commanded American, British, and Canadian forces in the largest amphibious operation in history, the Normandy Invasion.
A. Dwight D Eisenhower B. Erwin Rommel C. Alfred von Schlieffen D. Otto von Bismarck

59. In 1952 French demographer Alfred Sauvy created the model of three worlds to explain how the world was divided during the Cold War. In Sauvy’s model the First World was all of the Western nations; the Second World was the Soviet Bloc; and the ________ were all of the former colonies in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania. Mao Zedong revised this model with claimed the “Superpowers” in the First World, the Second World were the allies of the Superpowers (NATO & Warsaw Pact); and the last grouping included all non-Western developing nations including China.
A. Fourth World B. First World C. Third World D. New World

60. King Louis XVI tried to disband the National Assembly by locking the doors to their meeting place and announcing a Royal Session of the Estates General. The representatives, however, took over the tennis courts at Versailles. On June 20, 1789, they took the ____ pledging to stay until France has a constitution.
A. Thermidorian Reaction B. King Promise C. Reign of Terror D. Tennis Court Oath

61. On July 14, 1789, the Parisians stormed the ______ to obtain weapons for the Militia of Paris and free any political prisoners from the hated prison. They succeeded and the Militia of Paris became the National Guard with the Marquis de Lafayette as their commander.
A. Palace of Versailles B. Bastille C. Paris Salon D. Tennis Court

62. In July 1790, the National Constituent Assembly passed the ____ which closed monasteries that did not run schools or hospitals, reduced the number of Catholic dioceses, fired bishops, and made pastors and bishops elected salaried employees of the state. When the clergy objected to this, they were forced to either take an oath or the government would fire them from the clergy
A. Refractory B. Civil Constitution of the Clergy C. Tennis Court Oath D. Thermidorian Reaction

63. ____ was a lawyer and member of the Mountain faction of the Jacobin Club. He headed the Committee of Public Safety and sought to convict anyone he felt was enemy of the Revolution. During the Reign of Terror, he had the Law of 22 Prairial passed so that his Revolutionary Tribunals could convict and execute suspects faster by not hearing any evidence. He promoted the deistic Cult of the Supreme Being, but eventually was arrested and executed.
A. Jean-Paul Marat B. Pascal Paoli C. Jean-Jacque Rousseau D. Maximilian Robespierre