GUN CONTROL IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

PLEASE USE MY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY TO WRITE THE PAPER.

HERE IS THE FORMAT

Your Name
Mr. Fozouni
ENGL 101
19 May 2020
Title
Introduction
Introduction Paragraph

Informative Section
History of the Topic

Key Terms/Ideas/Concepts

People Involved

Organizations Involved

Statistics

Argumentative Section
First Argument Against Gun Control

Second Argument Against Gun Control
First Argument For Gun Control

Second Argument For Gun Control

Conclusion
Conclusion Paragraph

THIS IS MY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY..PLEASE USE THIS

Annotated Bibliography

Bell, Larry “Disarming the Myths Promoted By the Gun Control Lobby” Forbes.com 2012. Web May 8 2020.
Feb 21
This article talks about gun control Advocates and their influence on gun control. According to the article, “Private firearm ownership at all-time high and violent crime rates plunging, none of the scary scenarios they advanced have materialized.” He further stated that “National violent crime rates that sored for 30 years from the early 1960s began to decrease markedly since 1993, and also FBI reported that murder and other violent crime rates fell again by 6.4% during the first half of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010 the reports stated.” The articles mention that Caroline Brewer of the anti-gun Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence has reported that, “The research we’ve seen indicates fewer people owning more and more guns. “Yet one can only wonder where they are getting the information from. In reality, public support for personal gun ownership is growing.” “According to Steve Sanetti, president of the National Shooting Sports Foundation, a trade group that represents 7,000 firearms manufacturers and related companies, in 1959 some 70% of the American public favored handgun bans, whereas today that number has flipped” the article stated. Most states now issue permits allowing qualified law-abiding people to legally carry handguns outside their homes and an estimated 10 million Americans, contributing, in turn, to dramatic growth in gun sales.” “A record of more than 1.5
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million background checks for customers looking to purchase a firearm were requested by gun dealers to the National Instant Background Check (NICS) system. The Brady lobby was upset that there had been no progress in leveraging tighter gun control following the shooting January 8, 2010 rampage that killed 6 and injured 13, including Democratic Representative Gabrielle Gifford’s. That tragic incident raised questions about background checks after it was determined the accused shooter having previously exhibited erratic behavior legally purchased the weapon, he “allegedly” used from the store.” “The National Rifle agrees that guns should not be sold to individuals found to have mental problems, although many states fail to provide mental health records to the federal computerized background check system.” “According to Lary a widely- knowns in the 1990’s study conducted by Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz found out that there were somewhere between 830,000 and 2.45 million U.S. defensive gun uses annually. Also, a National Crime Victimization Study (NCVS) which asked victims if they had used gun. in self-defense found 108,000 each year had done so,” He also mentioned the Cato researchers investigated published news report which more often reveals how Americans use guns in self- defense.”
This is a very useful article I will use it for my research paper.
Bui Quoctrung, Margot, and Sanger-Katz, “People kill people. But the bullet seemed to matter.” The New York Times, March 27, 2019
This article is about homicide by researchers “In Boston from 2010-2018 there were 221-gun homicides. It was suggested that one change could have lowered that number by 40 percent: smaller bullets. According to the survey, A study last year published in JAM Network Open examined the type of weapon used in every fatal and non-fatal shooting in the city.” “It found that regardless the time of the day the number of wounds or circumstances of the crime –the size of the bullet affected which gunshot victims lived and which gunshot victims lived and which one
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dies, the article stated.” “The article also explores the history of firearms as the popular bumper sticker argues: “Guns don’t kill people. People kill people.” “Over recent decades, the size of the bullets fired by the typical handguns has increased. Changes in design have made it easier to fire big bullets from concealable weapons, and manufacturers have marketed more powerful guns as better tools for self-defense.” “In the 1970s and 1980s, the guns most commonly used in crime tended to be revolvers or small, inexpensive pistols that fired .22-caliber rounds, so-called for the 0.22- in diameter. But disposal guns called “Saturday night specials,” pushed them out of gun stores.” “The newer guns, which started to become common in the 1990s, were semi-automatic. They could fire multiple rounds more quickly, and tended to be able to store more bullets in their magazines, meaning they required less reloading in long shootouts.”
“These advances, intended for legal self- defense market has spread. According to the data about the gun owned and used by criminals is imperfect, evidence suggests that criminals’ buying preferences are not different from that of the general public.” “Guns that fire big bullets used to also be big, but improvements in technology have meant the large- caliber weapons are now available as pistols that can be more easily hidden.” “In general, the criminals who are using guns in crime do want the higher-caliber, more lethal weapons, and want the newest and sexiest, the article states. At the center of the debate about gun control lies the question of whether the availability of deadly weapon increases the seriousness of a crime.”
This is a very useful article and will use it in my research.
Ingraham, Christopher. “What makes a mass shooting in America” the Washington Post. December 3, 2015. Web May 3, 2020.
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The article is about a social network called Reddit where users in 2013 began tracking mass shootings in the United States. According to the article, it’s a “crowdsourced list of all shooting incidents in which four or more people are killed or injured by gunfire, culled mainly from media reports.” Each incident in the database is accompanied by at least one link to local media story reporting on the details of the shooting, the article explained. According to Ingraham, “The FBI used to consider someone a “mass murder” if they killed four or more people during one event, regardless of weapons used.”
Ingraham stated that “In 2013 federal Statutes defined “mass killing” as three or more people regardless of weapons but according to the tracker’s users the definition has a bit of a problem,” “It includes non-gun killings and excludes cases in which a lot of people are shot and few of them die.” “Earlier this year, a gunman killed two people and wounded nine others during a shooting at a theatre in Lafayette, La. Because only two people died, not including the gunman, that incident wouldn’t meet the federal definition of “mass killing,” even though it had the media’s attention. Ingram also mentioned “some observers, such as independent researcher and gun- rights proponent John Lott object to the tracker’s methodology.” “The causes and solutions to drug gang violence are dramatically different than for the vast majority of mass public shootings, Lott again said in a post on the Crime Research Prevention Center website early this year.” “Again, others argue that the use of tracker’s data sends a misleading signal to the public”, the article explains. “The source of the panic rests squarely with how media outlets cover these tragedies, and in this case, the Mass Shooting Tracker that is attracting so much ink.” “But the people running the tracker consider the approach a feature, not a bug.” “A life lost is a life lost, whether the person lives in the South Side of Chicago or Suburban Colorado Springs. The tracker uses the same definition of a mass shooting
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all categories in the United States.”
Other researchers have also been including domestic violence and gang-related shootings as mass shootings for years. Harvard University’s David Hemenway said he considers public shootings, domestic violence, and gang violence as the three main categories of “mass shooting.” Regardless of the cause, “four people are still dead,” he said in an interview. “As the nation has endured several years of prominent shootings, most recently in San Bernardino Calif., on Wednesday, the tracker has become a source of data for stories on Wonkblog. But it also raised a question about what we define as the mass shooting in the United States.” “Jim Bueermann, a former police chief in Redlands, Calif.- the city where the San Berardino suspect lived- said it doesn’t make much sense to distinguish for his purpose an injury and a death.”
This is a very useful article. I will use it for my research work.
Krogstad, Jens Manuel.” Gun homicides steady after decline in’90s; suicide rate edges up.” Pewresearch.org/factank October 21, 2015. Web May 8, 2020
This article gives us the Data about the steady of Gun homicides decline in the’90s and suicide rate edges up. According to Krogstad “Several mass shootings in recent months have brought renewed attention to the issue of gun violence in America. Most Americans think the number of gun crimes has risen, the U.S. gun homicide rate has stabilized somewhat in recent years, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of death certificate data collected by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention” the article states. According to the Data “Between 1993 and 2000, the gun homicide rate dropped by nearly half, from 7.0 homicides to 3.8 homicides per 100,000 people. From 2009 to 2014, the number of gun homicides has hovered around 11,000 and
12,000 per year. He also mentioned, by contrast, higher- and growing –number of gun deaths were by suicide than by homicide, and this has been true throughout the past two decades as mentioned. In recent years it has risen, from 6.3 per 100,000 people in 2010 to 6.7 in 2014.” “Again, the article mentioned the nation’s overall gun death rate has declined by 31% since 1993. This total includes homicides and suicides, in addition to a smaller number of police shootings, accidental shooting death, and those of undetermined intent. In 2014 there were 464 fatal police shootings, up from 333 in 2009.” “The Government data also shows fatal police shootings are collected and reported to FBI though the agency acknowledges there are discrepancies between the federal and local law enforcement counts.” “Despite these trends, most U.S. adults think gun crimes have increased according to the survey in 2013, and the public has been divided on the issue of gun ownership in recent years. The article also states “in July survey, 50% said it is important to control gun ownership and 47% said it is more important to protect the right of Americans to own guns. It also states on the survey that Americans strongly support a variety of specific gun control measures including the expanded background checks (85%), laws to prevent people with mental illness from purchasing guns (79%) and creation of a federal database to track all gun sales (70%). A smaller majority (57%) support a ban on assault-style weapons.”
This is a very useful article that gives data on guns and gun violence rates. I will use it for my research work.
Novak, Jake. “Gun control isn’t the answer. We already know how to stop the violence.” cnbc.com June 29, 2016, Web May 9, 2016
This article is about gun control and gun violence in the United States. It also explains how the U.S. “is a political impasse when it comes to gun violence in this country and the reason for it are multiplying rather than shrinking every day.” Pro-gun control forces insist on new laws
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and bans to stop gun violence while their opponents say those new laws and bans will only end up punishing and endangering the law-abiding gun owners and would-be gun owners in this country” “Politically, this has been an unbridgeable divide for going on for 40 years in this country, and no amount of sit-ins, NRA rallies, mass shootings, accidental shootings of. incidents where armed citizens stopped crimes in their tracks are going to break it.” According to the article “the problem revolves around legislation as long as the Democrats insist the new gun laws and bans are the only way to stop or slow gun violence, the Republicans and most of the American people will stand in their way-unless they rush in to pass new gun laws and bans within 2-3 weeks of major mass shootings” “ We already know how to reduce gun violence and gun crimes because we’ve already done it in many times before in the mid- the 1990s and again in the early 2000s by doing something very radical. We enforced the law.” “While it’s technically true are already enough gun laws on the books to put the hammer down on gun violence, most Republicans know all too well that the law enforcement all over the country needs a lot more funding and other tools to enforce those laws better;” And during the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations when new funding programs to cut down on gun violence were instituted and they worked according to the source.”
“It was the increased funding to the police department from Clinton’s 1994 crime bill that showed real progress when President Clinton was joined by an army of police chiefs and mayors to announce the $200 million being released to put100,000 more cops on the streets.” “The police weren’t the problem after Rodney King beating and subsequent L.A riot wasn’t such an easy thing for any Democrat to say and President Clinton was never shy about trumpeting the falling crimestatistic during his presidency.” “Clinton’s successor, President George W. Bush, saw similar success with boosted funding for FBI to go after gun runners and his “Project SAFE” program in his second term aimed at prosecuting criminals who used guns, violent crime fell sharply during
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the Bush years, even compared with the already falling numbers under President Clinton. Consequently, by the end of Bush years, the focus shifted from gun prosecutions to new regulations.” “President Obama has sadly continued his trend; violent crime has mostly remained at a historic low. “Prosecutions of a gun using criminals have decidedly gone down according to the data. Federal prosecutors brought a total of 5,082-gun violation cases in 2013 recommended by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and explosives, compare with record 8752 prosecutions of ATF cases brought by the Justice Department in 2004 under President Bush according to the Executive Office of U.S. Attorney.” “So far, both sides just aren’t stepping up to the plate. So, we’re stuck with stunts like sit-ins and scare tactics. I remain convinced that the presidential candidate who refocuses the gun debate towards a push for more funding would enjoy a significant boost in polls.
This is a very useful article that gives charts on gun and gun violence rates. I will use it for my survey.
Noyes, Dan. “How criminals get guns.” pbs.com Web May 08, 2020
This article is about the use of guns by criminals in the U.S. According to a cop, “They steal them,” but this street wisdom is wrong, according to one frustrated Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) agent who is tired of battling this misconception.” “An expert on crime gun patterns, ATF agent Jay Wachtel says the most guns used in crimes are not stolen out of private gun owners’ homes and cars.” “Stolen guns account for only 10 % -15% of guns used in crimes,” “There are several sources that allow guns to fall into wrong hands with gun thefts at the bottom of the list. Wachtel says one of the most common ways criminals get guns is through straw purchase sales. According to a 1994 ATF study on “sources of Crime Guns in Southern California,” many straw purchases. are conducted in an openly “suggestive” manner where two
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people walk into gun store b, one selects the firearm and the other uses identification for the purchase and pays for the gun,” “Also the next biggest source of illegal gun transaction where criminals get guns are sales made by legally licensed but corrupt at-home and commercial dealers.” “According to a recent ATF report, there is a significant diversion to the illegal gun market from FFLs. The report states that “of 120,370 crime guns that were traced to purchases from FFLs thenin business,27.7% of these firearms were seized by law enforcement in connection with a crime within two years of the original sale.”
The article also made mentioned “over- the- counter purchases are not the only means by which guns reach the illegal market from FFLs” and reveals that 23,775 guns have been reported lost, missing or stolen from FFLs since September 13, 1994, when the new law took effect requiring dealers to report gun thefts within 48 hours,” “Another Large source of guns used in crimes are unlicensed street dealers who either get their guns through an illegal transaction with licensed dealers, straw purchases, or from gun thefts, also, criminals gain access to guns is family and friends, either as a gift, thefts or sales.” “While many guns are taken off the street when people are arrested and any firearm in their possession are confiscated, a new study shows how easily arrestees believe they could illegally acquire another gun.” “The illegal market is the most likely source,” for these people to obtain a gun. Also, sources responding to a question how arresteesobtained their most recent handgun, the arrestees answered as follows: 56% said they paid cash; 15% said it was a gift; 10% said they borrowed it; 18% said they traded for it; while 5% only said they stole it.” Arguments still conclude that “these licensed are part of the block of rogue entrepreneur tempted by big profits and gun trafficking. Cracking down on theses dealers continue to be a priority for the ATF, and if someone wants a gun, it’s obvious the person will not havedifficulty buying a gun, either legally or through the extensive United States black market.”
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This is a very useful article. I will use it for my research work.
Roger, Kay. “Gun Death Data Points In Both Directions.” Former Contributor Forbes.com Jan 7, 2013. Web May 07, 2020
Roger Kay’s article “Guns Death Data Points In Both Directions” gives the background history of gun control debate and the Second Amendment. According to the article, Bill, a lifeguard at the Club is from the west. He stated his policies are far right. “On the Second Amendment, he’s pretty clear, and he lets everyone else in the club know at length and often to their great discomfort. Kay, argued after “the Newtown, Connecticut, school shooting in which 20 young children and six adults were killed by a deranged young man. He used a “consumer-grade AR-15 semiautomatic assault weapon to wreak havoc”. “Since Bill is hard right about every subject, you can name, and our gun law is pretty strict.” Also given that gun data is pretty stable, the study is still likely to be reasonable, and sitting at a table with two guys Kay can identify as “gun nutters,” who were raving on about their arsenal and how safe they felt having all that weaponry close at hand.” He alsomentioned in his youth how he owned various weapons, most bought from questionable sources, but gave them up when Massachusetts law tightened to the point where his armament was illegal.”
Also listening to those “two gun nutters ranting about how good they felt just knowing they have the firepower to blow completely away anyone who had the misfortune to choose their house for a robbery attempt so they could experience the pure satisfaction of exercising their right to protect their property.” he explained. Again, he decided to look into the relationship between gun ownership and gun death, assuming that strict gun law states like Massachusetts would have lower gun death rates than open-gun-law states like Texas and Wyoming.” According to the article “The number of homicides was originally gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in its Uniform Crime Reports with characteristics of homicides (i.e., those committed with a gun)
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provided by the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports. The article also describes some state data of gun usage where “Nevada, with 45 ten-thousandths of a percent, the highest gun murder rate per population. That means that, on average, 45 people out of 1 million are shot to death in Nevada annually. And Nevada is an “open” gun state law.” “Texas, an “open” state, confirmed relatively high 36 per million gun-murder rates.” “Massachusetts, a strict state, has a low gun murder rate less than 10 per million. So far, so good for the liberal thesis: more guns more deaths; fewer guns fewer deaths” “Idaho, an “open” state with gun murder rate below 9 per million. Next door neighbor Montana, with similar gun laws, also had a low rate of 13 per million. New York, with “strict” gun laws, has a middle to high rate of 31 per million” And California, with its “moderate” laws of gun-death rate of 43 per million. Just a notch below “open” Nevada.” “Connecticut, where the recent school shooting took place is a “strict” state, which turned out to have mezzo-mezzo gun death rate of 19 per million. According to Kay, his research was” admittedly limited, more of the back-of-the-envelope estimate than rigorous examination, and all 50 states would need to be included in any follow-up.”
This is a very useful article that gives data on death and gun violence rate. I will use it for my research paper.
Tankersley Jim, Clement, Scott. “What gun control advocates don’t understand about gun owners.” Washington Post, Dec 3, 2015
This article is about an account of gun control advocates and gun owners in America. According to the source “Soon after the news broke on Wednesday that gunman had opened fire on a social service center in San Bernardino, Calif., killing 14 people and wounding 17 others, the liberal Daily Kos website published an opinion piece under the headline “Your opinion on gun control doesn’t matter. “It crystallized much of the anger and frustration the gun- control advocates
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were expressing on social media in the wake of another mass shooting.” “They see passing stricter gun laws as a common-sense response to keep deadly weapons out of the hands of criminals and the mentally ill, and they bristle at those who disagree. Public polling suggests that those advocates don’t fully understand the motivations of their opponents: Supporting gun rights are a large portion of Americans, is about much more guns.” “It’s also important to note that some tighter gun-control measures enjoy wide support across America. More than 4 in 5 Americans support requiring a background check. Seven in 10 support a federal database on gun sales. Over half support bans on semi-automatic and assault weapons.” the source stated.
“Defending gun rights is a more popular position now than it has been in almost 20 years and several forces are shaping that growing support. The connection was borne clearly in a large survey by the Washington Post and Kaiser Family Foundation.” “Respondents were asked whether they support stricter gun control laws as well as whether they agreed with the statement “government controls too much of our lives.” “A 2013 Pew Poll found that 57 percent of all adults and 49percent of adults who have no guns in their household “agree” that stricter gun would give “too much power to the government over average citizens” “Americans doubt the effectiveness of gun laws, with 60 percent in a June CNN/ORC poll saying the stricter gun control laws would not reduce the number of gun-related deaths.”
“From 1993 through 2007, Pew documented a steady gap between Republicans and Democrats on the importance of gun rights versus gun control. Republicans tended to split 50-50, and Democrats tended to break two-thirds in favor of gun control. That trend broke and broke hard after Barack Obama was elected president.
This is a very useful and informational article and I will use it for my research paper.”
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Works Cited
Bell, Larry. “Disarming the Myths Promoted By the Gun Control Lobby.” Forbes, 21 Feb. 2012, www.forbes.com/sites/larrybell/2012/02/21/disarming-the-myths-promoted-by-the-gun- control-lobby/#3b425092470c. Accessed 7 May 2020.
Bui, Quoctrung. “People Kill People. But the Bullets Seem to Matter.” The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia, 27 Mar. 2019, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/03/27/upshot/deadly-bullets-guns.html. Accessed 7 May 202.
Ingraham, Christopher. “What makes a mass shooting in America.” The Washington Post, 3 Dec. 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/03/what-makes-a-mass- shooting-in-america/. Accessed 5 May 2020.
Krogstad, Jens M. “Gun Homicides Steady After Decline in ’90s; Suicide Rate Edges Up.” Pew Research Center, 21 Oct. 2015, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/10/21/gun- homicides-steady-after-decline-in-90s-suicide-rate-edges-up/. Accessed 6 May 2020.
Novak, Jake. “Gun Control Isn’t the Answer. We Already Know How to Stop the Violence.” CNBC, 29 June 2016, www.cnbc.com/2016/06/29/gun-control-isnt-the-answer-we- already-know-how-to-stop-the-violence- commentary.html?__source=yahoo%7Cfinance%7Cheadline%7Cheadline%7Cstory&par =yahoo&doc=103753749&yptr=yahoo. Accessed 7 May 2020.
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Noyes, Dan. “Frontline: Hot Guns: “How Criminals Get Guns” | PBS.” PBS.org, 7 Aug. 2014, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/guns/procon/guns.html. Accessed 7 May 2020.
Roger, Kay. “Gun Death Data Points in both directions.” Forbes, 13 Jan. 2013, www.forbes.com/sites/rogerkay/2013/01/07/gun-death-data-points-in-both- directions/#31bf81c967ca. Accessed 5 May 2020.
Tankersley, Jim, and Scott Clement. “What gun control advocates don’t understand about gun owners.” The Washington Post, 2 Dec. 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/03/what-gun-control-advocates- misunderstand-about-gun-owners/. Accessed 7 May 2020.