Autism Spectrum Disorder

a “Sample journal article summary” to incorporate the following questions:
Point value Critique questions

Introduction

30 What is the question being addressed? What is the study purpose? Does the purpose
Clarify the focus or aim of the study?
30 Is a particular theory or model identified as a framework of the study?
Does the literature review include current studies, and a rationale for the direction of the study you are examining?
18 Is a hypothesis statement clear? Please state it.
18 Describe the variables in the article.

Method

30 What design was used to conduct the study? Does the study include a treatment or intervention, if so describe the intervention.
30 What is your sample size, what are the demographics of the sample being studied? What is the study setting?
18 What are some of the ethical considerations to consider? Was IRB approval obtained?

Results
30 Identify the analysis techniques used. Describe the statistical findings (significant and non-significant).

Discussion
36 What is the researcher’s interpretation of the findings? How are these findings generalized?
30 What are the limitations of the study? What are the future implications of the findings?
30 Style format: APA title page, reference page, 12 point Times New Roman font, etc.
300 Total Points

Sample

Cyberbullying: An Overrated Phenomenon?
Journal Review
Michael J Fox
Warren County Community College

Professor Bade
Introduction to Psychology 101
Spring 2020 OL

Introduction
The media as well as various researchers and writers have indicated that cyberbullying is extremely prevalent and has increased substantially over time. The researcher also looks into the claim that the increase in cyberbullying has created a new group of victims and bullies. The study examines how there is very little scientific information or studies regarding cyberbullying. It also examines how most of the information provided on this topic is being overstated by researchers, writers and the media and how adults often feel helpless in trying to navigate this new form of bulling as well as trying to prevent it. Similar situations also arise in students dealing with cyberbullying. There was no specific model identified as the framework for this study. The hypothesis for the research looks into how claims about cyberbullying made in the media and elsewhere are often greatly exaggerated and that such claims, by and large, have very little scientific support. (Olweus, 2012)
Method
The research complied information from two large studies conducted in the US and Norway. The study was a longitudinal study and took place over a four year period. The sample consisted of 450,490 students in 1,349 schools in total and represented approximately 1% of the total US student population in grades 1–12. The sample from the US would consist of four schools and employ the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program and questionnaire. This program was already being used in 41 schools in Oslo, the capital of Norway (Olweus, 2012).

Students in all three study samples completed anonymously the Revised Olweus Bullying Questionnaire (Olweus, 1996) with a detailed definition of 522 OLWEUS bullying and 39 key questions some of which also had sub-questions.
Ethical conditions to be considered would be the age of the child and consent. There is no mention of an institutional review board. (Olweus, 2012).
Results
After our years of studying the population of approximately 440,000 students in the US with regard to cyberbullying the results were as followed: approximately 17.6 percent of young people are verbally bullied which is much higher than the 4.5% noted for cyberbullying. It also stated that only 2.8% of young people are effected by cyberbullying while 9.6% of young people are exposed to in person verbal abuse. (Olweus, 2012).
With the initial claim that there is a noteworthy increase in cyberbullying this study has shown the contrary stating that there is no evidence that there is a change over time with regard to young people who have been bullied or are doing the bullying. Over time, and even with the accessibility of other electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets an computer there was no visible increase in cyberbullying.
It was also conveyed that cyberbullying has created an increase in victims and abusers based on media/researcher claims. However, after doing this study it was shown that students who had been affected by cyberbully have had prior bullying incident in person. Of the students who had been exposed to cyberbullying in the US sample, 88% had been bullied in at least once in the conventional way. (Olweus, 2012).
Discussion
Based on the research there is a relatively small percentage approximately 10% of students who have been victimized by cyberbullying or victimized other students. Focusing on these results it would seem logical to assume that compared to normal bullying cyberbullying has had relatively fewer victim’s compared to in person bullying. It also shows that students who are victims of cyberbullying are often the same students who have been exposed to bullying in the school setting prior and the cyberbullying is added as another means of bullying. However, this form is often at a lower rate than in person bullying. It further goes on to explain that while cyberbullying may take place outside of the school environment it often starts in it.

References
Dan Olweus (2012) Cyberbullying: An overrated phenomenon?, European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9:5, 520-538, DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2012.6823